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Governance, Development, and Democracy in India under Prime Minister Narendra Modi (2014–2025)
This article explores the complex interplay between governance efficiency and democratic erosion in India under Prime Minister Narendra Modi (2014–2025). While flagship initiatives like Digital India and Aadhaar have delivered notable public service improvements, they have coincided with shrinking media freedom, weakened judicial oversight, and increasing executive dominance. Drawing on global governance indices, cross-national comparisons, and sub-national fieldwork, the study investigates whether India exemplifies a broader pattern of “efficiency–authoritarian equilibrium”—where administrative competence legitimizes constitutional backsliding. By probing this paradox, the paper asks whether the same state capacities that enable technocratic success can be redirected to reinforce democratic resilience.